Sulfuric acid acts as an electrolyte in forklift battery, which can effectively promote electrochemical reactions and stabilize the battery during charging and discharging. In the industrial standard, the concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte is generally controlled between 1.25 ~ 1.30 g/cm³ .
1, in the forklift battery is aqueous state of dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte (also known as electrolyte), electrolyte and the active substances on the pole plate to produce chemical reactions and generate electricity.
2, electrolyte density is high or low good, need to make a specific analysis of the specific situation, the winter temperature is low, the viscosity of the electrolyte is large, not easy to penetrate into the internal plate, forklift battery voltage and capacity will be reduced, especially in the strong discharge performance is particularly obvious. In the case of forklift battery discharge electrolyte there is a danger of icing, therefore, in winter or cold areas should be used in higher density electrolyte, on the contrary, in the summer hot area is used in low density electrolyte.
3, forklift battery electrolyte is made of pure sulfuric acid and distilled water with a relative density of 1.84 according to a certain ratio, the relative density of 1.24-1.31 is generally within the range. According to the use of forklift battery, working environment, temperature is different, you can choose a different density of electrolyte, stationary lead-acid batteries are not very pursuit of light weight, and focus on the service life, often choose a low density of electrolyte, power bicycle battery weight has a certain kui request will be used to choose a higher density of electrolyte.
Battery electrolyte should be 5mm above the plate: if the liquid level is too low, the exposed part of the plate can not participate in the chemical reaction, the battery capacity decreases, while the exposed part is also easy to sulfurization and damage. If the liquid level is too high, the electrolyte is easy to overflow and accumulate on the cover, which will form a path between the two poles and self-discharge, and it is easy to corrode the poles.
4, the preparation of the electrolyte is a battery assembly and maintenance of a job that often have to do, before the preparation of the total weight of the electrolyte can be calculated, and then check the table 1 and then the weight of the required water and sulfuric acid, electrolyte density is different, the proportion of water and sulfuric acid required is also different, and this proportion can be expressed in weight can also be expressed in volume.
There is a simple method, is to wait until the electrolyte is cold to 25 degrees, and then use the optical detector to detect its density, the density of the electrolyte used in electric car batteries is required to be 1.335, at this time, if the density is high, it is added to the distilled water, low is added to the sulfuric acid. Containers used in the preparation of liquid must be acid-resistant and temperature-resistant, glass containers are the best, ready densitometer, thermometer, measuring cups, glass rods, and so on.
First of all, the container will be scrubbed clean, and then washed with distilled water, and then the distilled water into the container, and then the pure concentrated sulfuric acid carefully and slowly into the distilled water, and constantly with a glass rod (or plastic rod) evenly stirred mixing, pouring into the sulfuric acid should not be too much too soon, because sulfuric acid and water mixing, water is immediately absorbed by the sulfuric acid to produce a large amount of heat, the temperature of the electrolyte rises sharply, if the operation is too hasty and easy to cause Boiling sputtering, dangerous, should be paid special attention to. Personnel engaged in this work must wear eye protection glasses, acid-proof gloves.
5、The density of the electrolyte can be tested by Jialihang optical tester or inhalation densitometer. Measured by inhalation densitometer, the suction tube is inserted vertically into the electrolyte, squeeze the rubber ball, and then release, the electrolyte that is sucked into the glass tube, at the same time with the scale of the float floats, visual float and the level of the liquid surface of the scale, the scale is the number of the density of the electrolyte. It should be noted that the float must float vertically, not rely on the wall of the glass tube, otherwise the reading is not allowed. Measurement and then converted to 25 c when the density, so that the density of the electrolyte is accurate.
Density of the electrolyte with the different temperatures, it is also different with the correction factor of high and low, general experience correction factor of 0.00075, different countries have different electrolyte temperature standards, the United States, Japan, respectively, to 25C, 20C for the temperature standard, and our country always take the 25C for the temperature standard correction factor, always take 0.0007.
Optical detector to test the method is: open the cover, with a glass of electrolyte drops in the prism surface, close the cover, the front end of the instrument toward the bright spot, and then observed from the eyepiece, the field of view of the semi-blue dark and light dividing line of the cut scale that is for the electrolyte density value readings, after the completion of the test with a water-containing cotton gauze will be the surface of the mirror and the cover of the test solution on the scrubbing clean, naturally dry before measuring again. (With the seasonal changes, the temperature does not analyze the changes, the detector should always be zeroed).